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Madam C.J. Walker—Leader in Philanthropy and Successful Business Woman
Lesson 1:
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Academic Standards
Philanthropy Framework

Purpose:

The purpose of this lesson is to show that philanthropy is a diverse American tradition. Students will focus on the philanthropy of Madam C. J. Walker, successful African American business woman, who supported many causes with the profits of her business and consider how they themselves might take philanthropic action.

Duration:

Two or Three Fifty Minute Class Periods

Objectives:

The learner will:

  • chart how African American philanthropist Madam C. J. Walker faced the challenges of poverty and discrimination and rose to success.

  • analyze the impact that Madam C. J. Walker had on improving her community.

  • develop a plan and take action demonstrating how responsible citizens today might act in improving their communities using local programs or the Do Something program as models.

Service Experience:

Although this lesson contains a service project example, decisions about service plans and implementation should be made by students, as age appropriate.
    Students will develop a plan demonstrating how responsible citizens today might act in improving their communities using local programs or the Do Something program as models.

Materials:

    Copies or overhead of Madam C. J. Walker's philanthropy (see Attachment One)
Handout 1
Madam C. J. Walker's Philanthropy

Instructional Procedure(s):

    Anticipatory Set:
    Ask students how people did laundry in the late 1800s? Did they have washers and dryers? Explain that doing laundry before the invention of electric powered machines was a long and backbreaking process. Water had to be pumped and heated on a wood stove. Then it was poured into tubs where clothing was scrubbed by hand, then hung to dry. Ironing was also tedious. Irons had to be heated on hot stoves since there was no electric power. Those who could afford it often chose to take their laundry to someone who would do all this hard work for them. In this lesson students will meet someone who did this hard work for others for many years, developed her own products for beauty care and built a very successful business during a time that few opportunities were open to women of any color. Furthermore, she did not forget others when she became wealthy but worked to help worthy projects and encouraged her employees to do the same.
  • Have students read about Madam C. J. Walker by researching in the media center or visiting the Internet. They will find that she was the daughter of ex-slaves and sharecroppers who lived on a Louisiana cotton plantation. When her parents died she worked first as a domestic servant and then worked for seventeen years in St. Louis, Missouri, laundering clothes. In her late thirties she began a line of beauty products for African American women and opened a string of beauty parlors and beauty training schools. She became the first self-made millionaire in the United States. Highly successful, she began supporting African American causes with both money and personal involvement.

  • As a whole group task once students have completed their research, develop the following chart on the chalkboard or overhead projector:

  • Difficulties faced by Madam C. J. Walker

  • Strategies/business practices used by Madam C. J. Walker to succeed

  • Philanthropic activities of Madam C. J. Walker

    Difficulties Strategies Philanthropy
         

    The following is a partial list of Madame C. J. Walker's philanthropic activities:

  • Donated to the National Association of Colored Women

  • Helped purchase the Frederick Douglass home for preservation as a museum

  • Donated to homes for the aged in St. Louis and Indianapolis, to the poor in Indianapolis, Indiana, and the Indianapolis Young Men's Christian Association

  • Funded scholarships for young women at Tuskegee Institute

  • Contributed to Palmer Memorial Institute, a private secondary school for African Americans in Sedalia, North Carolina

  • Organized her agents into Walker Clubs and gave cash prizes to the clubs that did the most community philanthropic work.

  • Made large donations to other educational institutions, such as Mary McLeod Bethune's Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls

  • Founded an academy for girls in West Africa

  • Discuss problems faced by African Americans at the turn of the century. Include in the discussion:

  • voting restrictions on African Americans,

  • legal segregation (Jim Crow laws),

  • the overturn of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 by the Supreme Court in 1883,

  • the Plessy V. Ferguson 1896 case that legalized separate facilities for African Americans,

  • lynching,

  • de facto discrimination in the North. Include in the discussion some of the African American responses to this discrimination:

  • The Niagara Falls meeting led by W. E. B. Du Bois where political, civil and economic discrimination was denounced.

  • The founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

  • The founding of African American mutual aid and benefit societies, such as the National Negro Business League founded by Booker T. Washington in 1900.

  • Analyze the impact Madam C. J. Walker had on her community by discussing the following questions:

  • What is philanthropy? (the giving of one's time, talents or money to help others)

  • Why is Madam C. J. Walker called a philanthropist? (She started many activities to help others, encouraged others to give and gave money herself for projects.)

  • Who benefited from Madam C. J. Walker's philanthropy? Why might she have chosen each area of philanthropy? (Students can speculate on this.)

  • Even though doctors warned Madam C. J. Walker that she had to "slow down", she refused and consequently died in her early fifties. Why do you suppose she chose to use her money and time this way rather than relax and enjoy the life of the wealthy? (Students can speculate on this.)

  • How was she demonstrating civic responsibility (acting for the good of the public) at a time before women had the right to vote and most African Americans were disenfranchised (did not have the right to vote)?

  • Looking at your own preferences, what philanthropic way would you use your time and money today? Are there specific causes you would like to advance?

Assessment:

  • Have students create or web an analysis map of Madam C.J. Walker, her life and accomplishments. It should include her background, major accomplishments and philanthropic activities using words or phrases rather than whole sentences or paragraphs. To evaluate this student analysis map, present the following checklist to students to familiarize them with what is expected. Madam C.J. Walker's name is in the center and is the largest size.

  • Background information, accomplishments and examples of her philanthropy are in smaller figures that circle or connect to the central figure.

  • The purpose or theme is clear (such as her actions to help others).

  • The map is readable and neat.

  • The information is accurate and thorough.

Scoring Rubric:

    4 - All five elements are present in the analysis map and it shows a deep understanding of Madame C.J. Walker's life and contributions to the public good.
    3 - All five elements are present.
    2 - Three or four elements are present
    1 - One or two elements are present
    0 - No attempt

Experiential Component and Assessment:

    Introduce the DO Something Program and some BRICK Award winners, or a similar program that honors leaders building their communities or develop an action plan that the class or individual students might want to pursue.

  • The DO Something program was founded in 1993 by a group of young people, including Andrew Shue, co-star of Melrose Place, as a national non-profit organization that provides leadership training, guidance, and financial resources to young people who are building their communities. It partners with communities to establish local Do Something Funds. It spreads the message about young leaders working to strengthen communities.

  • Some award winners in 1996 included the following persons. Melissa Bradley, 28, National Grand Prize Winner. She is the founder and director of the Entrepreneurial Development Institute in Washington, D.C. It is a non-profit organization that helps disadvantaged youth develop small businesses. Trinh Duong, 22, is the organizer and fund-raiser for the Chinese Staff and Workers Association in New York City, an association that supports the rights of Chinese immigrant workers. Henry Fernandez, 28, is the director of Leadership, Education and Athletics in Partnership in New Haven, CT, a non-profit organization that fosters educational, leadership, and social development for students from elementary school through college.

  • Students may become a member of Do Something and receive BUILD Magazine, which contains information on how to make a difference in their community for $10. Write Do Something Membership Department, 423 W. 55th St. 8th Floor, New York, NY 10019 or for additional information check out http://www.dosomething.org on the Internet.

    Students can develop a graphic organizer that shows how they would go about their plan.

    How I Plan to DO SOMETHING
    What do I want to do?
     
    What is my first step?
     
    Where can I go for information?
     
    How can I carry out this plan?
     

Bibliographical References:

Lesson Developed By:

Cythia Miles
Mt. Pleasant Public Schools
Mt. Pleasant High School
Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858

Handouts:

Handout 1Print Handout 1

Madam C. J. Walker's Philanthropy

The following is a partial list of Madame C. J. Walker's philanthropic activities:
  • Donated to the National Association of Colored Women
  • Helped purchase the Frederick Douglass home for preservation as a museum
  • Donated to homes for the aged in St. Louis and Indianapolis, to the poor in Indianapolis, Indiana, and the Indianapolis Young Men's Christian Association
  • Funded scholarships for young women at Tuskegee Institute
  • Contributed to Palmer Memorial Institute, a private secondary school for African Americans in Sedalia, North Carolina
  • Organized her agents into Walker Clubs and gave cash prizes to the clubs that did the most community philanthropic work.
  • Made large donations to other educational institutions, such as Mary McLeod Bethune's Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls
  • Founded an academy for girls in West Africa

Philanthropy Framework:

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Unit Contents:

Overview:Women in Philanthropy Summary

Lessons:

1.
Madam C.J. Walker—Leader in Philanthropy and Successful Business Woman

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